To produce pumpable concrete.

To produce concrete substantial reduction in water resulting in low permeability and high early strength.

To produce high workability concrete requiring little or no vibration during placing.

Improved workability - Easier , quicker placing and compaction.

Increased strength - Provides high early s tren gth f or precast concrete if water reduction is taken advantage of.

Improved quality - Denser, close textured concrete with reduced porosity and hence more durable.

Higher cohesion - Risk of segregation and bleeding minimised; thus aids pumping of concrete.

Chloride free - Safe in prestressed concrete and with sulphate resisting cements and marine aggregates.